
भाव
भन्नाले मानसिक प्रतिक्रिया, प्रवृति, मनोवृति वा अर्थ भन्ने बुझिन्छ ।
यसैले क्रियाबाट निश्चय, अनिश्चय, सम्भावना, बिन्ती, इच्छा, आज्ञा आदि
व्यक्त गर्नु क्रियाको भाव हो । यो सामान्यार्थ, विध्यर्थ र अनिश्चयार्थ
गरी तीन किसिमको हुन्छ । केही मुख्य तल दिइएको छ :-
(Bhav
means mental reaction, tendency, mindset, or meaning. Therefore,
expressing certainty, uncertainty, possibility, request, desire,
command, etc., through verbs is called the emotion of the verb. It has
three types: Samanyartha, Vidhyartha, and Anishchayartha. Some key types
are provided below:)
- सामान्यार्थक (Samanyarthak) :- क्रियाको सामान्य भाव बुझाउने
वाक्यलाई सामान्यर्थक वाक्य भनिन्छ। सामान्यर्थक वाक्यले सामान्य रूपमा हो वा होइन भन्ने अर्थ आउने गरी क्रियाको भाव बुझाउँछ।
(1) Samanyarthak :- Sentences that express the normal meaning of the verb are called samanyarthak sentences. These sentences convey the meaning of the verb in a way that generally implies whether it is or is not.)
काल /
पक्षमा प्रयोग हुने सम्पूर्ण रूपहरू सामान्यार्थक वाक्य हुन् ।
(All forms used in tense/aspect are Samanyarthak sentences.)
राम घर जान्छ ।
( Ram goes home.)राम घर गयो ।
( Ram went home.)राम घर जानेछ ।
( Ram will go home.) etc.
- इच्छार्थक (Ichharthak) :- इच्छा, आशीर्वाद वा शुभकामनाको भाव बोक्ने
क्रियापदको प्रयोग भएको वाक्यलाई इच्छार्थक वाक्य भनिन्छ ।
(2) Ichharthak :- Sentences that express a wish, blessing, or good will are called Ichharthak sentences.)
प्रथम पुरुष (First Person)
म हिडूँ । ( धातु+ऊँ)
( I walk.)हामी हिडौँ ( धातु+औँ)
( We walk.)द्वितीय परुष (Second Person)
तँ डुलेस् । (धातु+ एस्)
( You should wander.)तिमी पढे । (धातु+ ए)
( You read.)तिमीहरू घर गए । (धातु+ए)
( You all went home.)तपाईँ पढ्नुहोओस् । (धातु+ नुहोओस्)
( Please read.)हजुर पढ्नुहोओस् । (धातु+ होओस्)
( Please read.)तृतीय पुरुष (Third Person)
ऊ पढोस् ।(धातु+ओस्)
( He/She should read.)तिनीहरू पढून् । (धातु+ ऊन्)
( They should read.)तिनीहरू डुलून् । (धातु+ऊन्)
( They should wander.)उनीहरू डुलून् ।
( They should wander.)राम डुलोस् । (धातु + ओस्)
( Ram should wander.)त्यो घर जाओस् ।
( That person should go home.)
कर्मवाच्यलाई इच्छार्थक बनाउँदा ‘इयून्’ / ‘इयोस्’ थप्ने
(आँपहरू खाइन्छ ।) आँपहरू खाइयून् । (धातु+ इयून्)
( Mangoes are eaten. Mangoes should be eaten.)(हरिबाट भाइ पिटिन्छ) हरिबाट भाइ पिटियून् / पिटियोस् ।
( Brother is beaten by Hari. Brother should be beaten by Hari.)
- आज्ञार्थक (Aajyarthak) :- आदेश, आज्ञा वा अनुरोध गर्ने वाक्यलाई
आज्ञार्थक वाक्य भनिन्छ । (धातु+ र/ऊ/नु/खा/ इबक्सियोस्/ होस्)
(3) Aajyarthak :- Sentences that express commands, orders, or requests are called Aajyarthak sentences. (Verb + r/ú/nú/kha/ibaksios/hos)
आज्ञार्थमा काल र पक्षको भेद हुँदैन । द्वितीय पुरुषमा
मात्र प्रयोग हुन्छ ।
(In Aajyarthak sentences, there is no distinction between tense and aspect. It is only used in the second person.)तँ र तिमी हुँदा आज्ञार्थक तपाईँ र हजुर कर्ता भए
अनुरोधार्थक क्रियापद हुन्छ ।
(When the subject is "you" or "you all", the verb becomes a request in the third person or polite form.)
उदाहरण:
(Example:)
तिमी पढ ।
( You read.)तिमी राम्ररी
पढ्नू
( You should read well.)हरि र राम
स्कुल जाओ ।
( Hari and Ram, go to school.)तिमी खाना खाऊ ।
( You eat food.)तपाईँ
लेख्नुहोसस् ।
( Please write.)
- सङ्केतार्थक (Sanketarthak) :- कार्यकारण सम्बन्ध रहेको वाक्य सङ्केतार्थक
वाक्य हो। यसमा एउटा क्रियाले कारणको भाव बुझाउँछ भने अर्को क्रियाले कार्यको भाव
बुझाउँछ ।
(4) Sanketarthak :- Sentences that express a cause-effect relationship are called Sanketarthak sentences. In these, one verb expresses the cause, and the other expresses the effect.)
मन मिले बिहे हुन्छ ।
( When hearts meet, marriage happens.)मन मिल्यो भने बिहे हुन्छ ।
( If hearts meet, marriage happens.)आकाश गर्जे पानी पर्छ ।
( When the sky thunders, it rains.)(सागर पौडी खेल्छ।) सागरले पौडी खेले हुन्छ ।
( Sagar swims. Sagar must swim.)
- संभावनार्थक (Sambhavanarthak) :- सम्भावना बुझाउने वाक्यलाई सम्भावनार्थक
वाक्य भनिन्छ ।
(5) Sambhavanarthak :- Sentences that express possibility are called Sambhavanarthak sentences.)
(धातु+उँला)
जाउँला/खाउँला/ घुमौँला/
जालास्/ खालास्/ घरमौली
घुम्लान्/घुम्लिन्/
जान्छन् होला/ भएको होला
( Verb + umla)
म पढुँला ।(सामान्य सम्भावना)
( I might read. (General possibility))तिमी पढदै हौला
( You might be reading.)राम पढदै होला। (अपूर्ण सम्भावनार्थ)
( Ram might be reading. (Incomplete possibility))सीताले पढेकी होली ।(पूर्ण सम्भावनार्थक)
( Sita might have read. (Complete possibility))